Vladimir :这里的manifold可以直接理解为“一类激发态”（collection of states）例如，single excitation manifold的意思就是“一类单重激发态”（collection of singlet states），而triple excitation manifold的意...
Vladimir :考虑一个我们感兴趣的问题，例如一个选择题，有A，B，C，D四个选项先验概率是我们对系统在相对无知的情况下对它的状态做出的猜测，例如我们根本没有读题，所以我们猜测A，B，C，D四个选项各自都有25%的可能性正确接下来，假设我们读了问题，获得了一些条件，然后在这些条件下，B，C，D都不太可能成立，它们各...
Vladimir :由原子核和电子构成的物质，在精细轨道（如s，p，d，f）上有不成对的单电子时，这类物质就有顺磁性（paramagneticity），而单电子的运动会产生微小的磁场。如果有顺磁性的物质内有足够多的原子核都指向同一方向，那么这些微小磁场就会叠加成为更强的磁场，否则则会相互抵消。对有顺磁性的物质而言，让它...
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